Varicose veins are a pathological process that is characterized by an increase in the lumen of blood vessels that provide flow of blood, thinning of their walls and deformation up to the formation of nodes and breakages. For anatomical reasons, the disease is often found in the veins of the lower limbs.
The external signs of the varicose veins are not an exceptionally aesthetic problem: the vascular "stars", protruding a dark shade - only the symptoms of blood circulation disorders, which are full of threatening consequences.
The mechanism of the development of varicose veins on the legs
The development mechanism of varicose veins is associated with a decrease in the functionality of the venous valves. They are subject to large mechanical loads, therefore, under the influence of genetic factors, hormonal jumps, inflammation in the tissues of the lower limbs and loads, weaken and do not prevent the opposite flow of the blood. Inflammation occurs against the background of the stagnant phenomena associated with the high viscosity of the blood, hypodynamia or prolonged living room in an upright or sitting position.
The pressure of the excessive volume of blood on the walls of the veins deformed them, depriving the functionality of the muscle and the nervous venous wall, which provide its stable tone. Blood stagnation, exceptional of the blood vessels and the inflammation of their walls often leads to the formation of accumulations of blood cells, which overlap with the light of the veins.
The varicose veins on the legs, therefore, are not a superficial problem associated with mechanical damage to the subcutaneous pot or temporary phenomena, but to deeper circulatory disorders that developed in the patient's disease under the influence of risk factors.
The drug therapy of the disease is aimed at:
- Tone the walls of the blood vessels;
- removal of inflammation;
- blood liquefaction;
- Prevention of blood clots.
In the absence of adequate treatment, what is dangerous for the varicose veins of the lower ends can become reality for each of the patients with this disease.
In 80% of cases, women suffer from varicose veins on the legs. The main thing that is dangerous varicose veins in women is the probability of early development of the disease due to hormonal jumps during puberty or pregnancy. During the bearing of the fetus, only a delicate therapy that does not have the teratogenic effect is possible. Further charge of the leg, lack of intensive and loading treatment during attempts can stimulate the aggravation of the disease.
What threatens varicose veins?
As a rule, thrombophlebitis and other dangerous consequences of varicose veins occur in the third phase of venous insufficiency. Symptoms of late phases of vascular insufficiency:
- constant gravity in the legs;
- swelling;
- The darkening of the skin in the ankles area.
Dermatitis, eczema and inflammation of the skin cause the violation of blood circulation in the limbs.
Telegiectia is the least dangerous consequence of venous insufficiency. The condition is characterized by the appearance of vascular "networks" and "stars", which are accompanied by edema, fatigue of the legs, by the normal presence of a feeling of numbness and night convulsions in the caviar. The aesthetic defect is one of the reasons why women often turn to the phlebologist in the early stages of varicose veins. In an attempt to save beautiful legs, patients care about their health.
Subcutaneous bleeding and gaps in veins
Thromboflebitis - thrombosis against the background of the inflammation of the venous wall and the stagnation of the blood in an expanded ship. The developed disease is characterized by the compaction and pain of the palpation (survey) of the interested vase, as well as by the redness of the skin around the thrombus. Thomboflebitis develops about 25% of patients who diagnosed varicose veins. The blood clots that are found in the surface veins have a low risk of separation with damage to health, however, in the case of promoting a blood clot along a subcutaneous or perforated vase, immediate hospitalization is necessary.
Deep thrombosis is much more dangerous than varicose veins and thrombophlebitis. The blood clots formed in deep pots of the lower ends are able to separate and clog the pulmonary artery, which leads to death. The characteristic symptoms of the deep vein thrombosis are severe edema of the limb that occurs in a short time and a severe pain that explodes in the calf or the femoral muscle. The spread of the pathological process to the deep vases of the lower ends can be observed in the subsequent phases of the varicose veins.
A trophic ulcer is a defect of the deep dermis that is formed in the subsequent stages due to the blood flow altered in the surface layers of the skin. It represents a long pain for a long time, which is difficult to give in to therapy.
Varicosis of the veins of the lower ends is one of the risk factors in the development of such a pathology in other vessels of the small basin of men and women.
Medical measures against the consequences of varicose veins
The treatment of complications of varicose veins on the legs, as a rule, begins with drug therapy for primary disease.
To reduce the deformation of the blood vessels, which are expanded due to a decrease in tone, Venotonic based on experiencing, diosmina, exclusion, etc. Are prescribed.
With the inflammation of the venous walls, the drugs are prescribed by the group of anti -anti -inflammatory drugs nonsteric in the form of tablets and gels. Oral reception of anti -inflammatory drugs is recommended for thrombophlebitis.
A decrease in blood viscosity is obtained using the local use of ointments with anticoagulant components and the oral intake of routine derivatives and methylxanthin, which have anti -aggregatal properties.
The surface manifestations of the varicose veins on the legs (including telangectasia) are eliminated from sclerotherapy (gluing the walls of the ship concerned using a special drug). The procedure does not cause significant damage to health and does not violate the blood flow, because during rehabilitation, the function of the surface veins crosses the deep vessels.
With the trombosis deep vein, bed rest is prescribed, an intravenous administration of anticoagulants and anti -cargani with the control of the viscosity of the blood. The surgical treatment for deep thrombosis and thrombophlebitis vessels (including large subcutaneous veins) is indicated if there is a high risk of blocking the lung artery. Trofic ulcers treatment aims to stimulate wound healing and primary disease therapy.
Preventive measures
The prevention of varicose complications includes the following measures:
- wear compression linen;
- physical education of physiotherapy;
- exclusion of a long seat and standing;
- The choice of shoes with a heel ranges from 2, 5 to 6 cm;
- Enrichment of the diet with fiber and sources of vitamins B1, C, E and P;
- compliance with the standard of water (2, 5 l);
- contrasting water procedures;
- The refusal of hormonal contraceptives (the effect of the coc on the female body includes the increase in the risk of thrombosis);
- Folk methods (compresses, bathrooms, etc. ).
The early diagnosis of varicose veins, adequate timely treatment and a decrease in the effect of risk factors prevent the development of complications of the disease. The use of minimally invasive surgical methods in some cases eliminates not only aesthetic problems, but also the probability of aggravating the pathological process.